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#	Topic & Core Knowledge	English Books (Top Knowledge)	Urdu Books (Top Knowledge)
1. Foundational Theology & Ethics (ایمانیات)
1	Aqidah (Creed): Divine Unity (توحید) and Prophethood.	"The Fundamentals of Tawheed" - Dr. Bilal Philips (Free Resource) "Sharh al-Aqeedah at-Tahawiyyah" - Imam Tahawi (Classical Text) "Aqidah for the Governance" - By a reputable scholar (e.g., Al-Munajjid on rulership) "Luminance of Certainty" (Kitab At-Tauhid) - Ibn Khuzaimah	"Tafheem ul Quran" (Vol. 1 on Surah Fatiha/Baqarah) - Syed Abul Ala Maududi (Foundation) "Hujjatullah al-Balighah" (Vol. 1 on Belief) - Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (Philosophical Depth) "Islam ka Nazriya e Ibadat" - Dr. Israr Ahmed (Concept of Creed/Worship) "Mabadi-e-Islam" (مبادی اسلام) - Khurshid Ahmad
2	Akhlaq (Ethics): Justice (عدل), honesty, and humility. Moral framework for leadership.	"Riyadh as-Salihin" - Imam Al-Nawawi (Free Resource) "Discipline of the Soul" (from Ihya' Ulum al-Din) - Imam Al-Ghazali "Al-Adab al-Mufrad" - Imam Al-Bukhari (Specific manners/ethics) "The Canon of Medicine" (Ethics & Conduct Sections) - Ibn Sina	"Islami Tehzeeb aur Uski Bunyadi Usul" - Syed Sulaiman Nadwi (Islamic Culture & Ethics) "Tazkiya-e-Nafs" - Dr. Israr Ahmed (Purification of the Soul) "Aasar e Sirah e Nabwi" (آثار سیرت نبوی) - Allama Sayyid Ahmad Saeed Kazmi (Focus on Prophetic conduct) "Maa'rif-ul-Hadith" (Kitab-ul-Adab) - Maulana Muhammad Manzoor Naomani
3	Tafsir Usul: Methodology and rules for interpreting the Qur'an (قرآن).	"An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'an" - T. 'Uthman (Free Resource) "Introduction to the Principles of Tafseer" - Ibn Taymiyyah "Al-Itqan fi 'Ulum al-Qur'an" - Al-Suyuti (Comprehensive Science) "The Quranic Concept of War" - S. K. Malik (Specific application of verses)	"Tafheem ul Quran" (Muqaddimah) - Syed Abul Ala Maududi (Quranic Methodology) "Mabadi-i-Tafseer" - Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani "Uloom ul Quran" - Maulana Shamsul Haq Afghani "Ta'limat-e-Qurani" (تعلیمات قرآنی) - Maulana Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi
4	Hadith Usul: Authenticating and utilizing Prophetic traditions (سنت).	"Muwatta Imam Malik" (Select chapters on governance) (Free Resource) "An Introduction to the Science of Hadith" - Ibn al-Salah **"The Authority of the Sunnah"** - Sheikh Abdul Ghani Abdul Khaliq **"Studies in Early Hadith Literature"** - Muhammad Mustafa Azmi	"Usool-e-Hadith" - Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani "Hujjatullah al-Balighah" (Vol. 2 on Sunnah) - Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (Legal View) "Miqyas-e-Hadith" - Allama Ghulam Rasool Saeedi **"Maqam e Sunnat" (مقام سنت)** - Ghulam Ahmad Parwez (For comparative study)
5	Sirah & Rashidun Model: Precedent for Islamic leadership, military, and policy.	"The Glorious Caliphate" (Chapters on الخلفاء الراشدون) (Free Resource) "The Sealed Nectar" (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum) - Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri **"Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources"** - Martin Lings **"The Four Caliphs"** - Abdur Rahman al-Basha	"Seerat-un-Nabi" (Vol. 4-7 on Policy/Governance) - Shibli Nomani & Sulaiman Nadwi (Detailed Policy) "Khilafat o Malukiyat" - Syed Abul Ala Maududi (Analysis of Post-Rashidun transition) **"Fikr e Islami" (فکر اسلامی) (Vol. 2 on State)** - Dr. Israr Ahmed **"Ash-Shifa Bi Ta'reef Huquq al-Mustafa"** - Qadi Iyad (Rights of the Prophet, key for policy)
2. Constitutional & Judicial Law (احکام سلطانیہ)
6	Conditions of the Caliphate: Legal prerequisites for the Caliph and Bay'ah (pledge of allegiance).	"Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah" - Al-Mawardi (Chapter 1) (Free Resource) **"The Islamic Theory of Government"** - Henry Laoust (Academic analysis of classical works) **"The Office of the Caliph"** - Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni **"The Political Thought of Ibn Taymiyyah"** - Qamaruddin Khan	"Khilafat ka Qayam aur Islami Riasat" - Dr. Israr Ahmed (Establishment of the State) **"Islami Riyasat" (اسلامی ریاست)** - Syed Abul Ala Maududi (Comprehensive state theory) **"Shura, Khilafat aur Jamhuriat"** - Dr. Javid Iqbal **"Dastoor e Islami" (دستور اسلامی)** - Muhammad Taqi Amini (On Islamic Constitution)
7	Ahl al-Hall wal-'Aqd: Function and authority of the Elective Body (Scholars & Elite).	"Al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyyah" - Ibn Taymiyyah (Focus on Justice and Consultation) (Free Resource) **"The Covenant of the Caliph"** - Muhammad Al-Shaybani (Historical perspective) **"Consultation (Shura) in Islam"** - Muhammad Al-Faruque (Modern analysis) **"The Principles of State and Government in Islam"** - Muhammad Asad	**"Shura ki Ehmiat" (شوریٰ کی اہمیت)** - Syed Abul Ala Maududi (Importance of Consultation) **"Islami Nizame Hukumat" (اسلامی نظام حکومت)** - Maulana Abdul Maajid Daryabadi **"Fiqhi Masa'il e Riyasat" (فقہی مسائل ریاست)** - (Contemporary Fiqh on State issues) **"Islamic Political System"** - Prof. Rafia Tariq (Academic View)
8	Qada (Judiciary): Structure of Islamic court system and appointment of judges (قاضی).	"Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah" - Al-Mawardi (Chapter 6) (Free Resource) **"The Islamic Law of Evidence"** - Justice Dr. Tanzil-ur-Rahman **"The Administration of Justice in Islam"** - Muslehuddin (Detailed historical/legal view) **"Kitab Adab al-Qadi"** - (Classical texts on the manners of the judge)	**"Adab-ul-Qadi" (آداب القاضی)** - (Translation of classical Fiqh manuals) **"Qanun e Shahadat" (قانون شہادت)** - Contemporary academic work on Islamic Law of Evidence **"Islami Nizam e Adl" (اسلامی نظام عدل)** - Dr. Abdul Wahid Khan
9	Mazalim (Redress of Grievances): Court of appeals for investigating abuse of power by officials.	"Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah" - Al-Mawardi (Chapter 7) (Free Resource) **"The Office of the Muhtasib"** - Ibn Taymiyyah (Includes overlap with Mazalim) **"The Judicial System in Early Islam"** - Academic papers focusing on Mazalim's evolution. **"Classical Islamic Government"** - Edmund C. L. Evans	**"Haqooq e Riyaya" (حقوق رعایا)** - (On the rights of the subjects and accountability) **"Mazalim ka Nizam e Adl" (مظالم کا نظام عدل)** - Academic work on administrative law in Islam **"Qanoon e Mazalim" (قانون مظالم)** - Relevant chapters from contemporary Fiqh works
10	Hukm (Legal Rulings): Deeper study of Ijma' (Consensus) and Qiyas (Analogy).	**"Usul al-Fiqh: The Methodology of Islamic Law"** (Select introductory texts) (Free Resource) **"Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence"** - Mohammad Hashim Kamali (Comprehensive Usul al-Fiqh) **"Al-Risalah"** - Imam Al-Shafi'i (The foundational text on Usul al-Fiqh) **"The Sources of Islamic Law"** - Professor Ahmad Hasan	**"Usul-e-Fiqh" (اصول فقہ)** - Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani (Detailed text) **"Fiqhi Usool o Qawaid" (فقہی اصول و قواعد)** - (Rules and maxims of Fiqh) **"Ijma' aur Qiyas ki Zarurat"** - Dr. Israr Ahmed (Need for Ijma and Qiyas)
3. Fiscal Policy & Public Finance (معاشیات و مالیات)
11	**Bayt al-Mal (Public Treasury)**: Management, sources of revenue, and expenditure guidelines.	**"Kitab al-Kharaj"** - Abu Yusuf (Introductory Chapters on Treasury) (Free Resource) **"Islamic Public Finance"** - Sayed Khattab and R. J. Wilson **"The Role of the Bayt al-Mal in Islamic History"** - Academic Research Papers **"Islamic Economic Systems"** - Dr. Muhammad Anwar	**"Islami Ma'ashi Nizam" (اسلامی معاشی نظام)** - Dr. Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi **"Bayt ul Maal ka Nizam" (بیت المال کا نظام)** - Dr. Abdul Wahid Khan (Detailed Study) **"Islami Riyasat ka Budget"** - (Contemporary analysis of Islamic budgeting)
12	**Zakat & Sadaqah**: Legal rulings on obligatory charity (زکوٰۃ) and its collection/distribution.	**"Fiqh us-Sunnah"** (Select chapters on Zakat) (Free Resource) **"The Fiqh of Zakat"** - Yusuf Al-Qaradawi (Comprehensive Modern Fiqh) **"Zakat and Economic Justice"** - Academic articles on wealth redistribution **"Al-Amwal in Islam"** - Abu Ja'far al-Mahmud (Historical management of wealth)	**"Zakat aur Ma'ashi Masa'il" (زکوٰۃ اور معاشی مسائل)** - Mufti Muhammad Shafi Usmani **"Zakat ka Mukammal Nizam"** - Dr. Nejatullah Siddiqi **"Islami Mu'ashrat aur Zakat"** - (Social system and Zakat's role)
13	**Kharaj & Ushr**: Land tax systems (خراج and عشر) and agricultural tax policy implementation.	**"Kitab al-Kharaj"** - Abu Yusuf (Detailed chapters on land tax) (Free Resource) **"The Administration of Lands in Early Islam"** - Studies by Daniel C. Dennett **"Landlord and Peasant in Early Islam"** - Academic studies on property law. **"Islamic Land Law"** - Professor Abdul Kader M. F. A. Waliyudeen	**"Zar'i Nizaam e Islami" (زرعی نظام اسلامی)** - Academic work on Islamic agricultural system **"Khiraj aur Ushr ka Fiqhi Jaiza"** - (Legal analysis of the two taxes) **"Islami Riyasat aur Zar'i Mahsul"** - (Agricultural revenue in the Islamic State)
14	**Jizya & Fay'**: Non-Muslim poll-tax (جزیہ) and legal distribution of war revenues (فئ).	**"Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah"** - Al-Mawardi (Chapter 13) (Free Resource) **"The Early Islamic Conquests"** - Fred Donner (Historical context of these revenues) **"Jizya and the Islamic State"** - Academic papers on the status of Non-Muslims **"The Fiqh of Jihad and International Relations"** - (Relevant chapters on Fay' and Ghanimah)	**"Jizya ka Tasawwur" (جزیہ کا تصور)** - Syed Abul Ala Maududi (Concept of Jizya) **"Ahl-e-Zimmah ke Huqooq"** - (Rights of Dhimmi communities) **"Maal e Ghanimat aur Fay' ka Nizam"** - (System of spoils and war revenue)
15	**Waqf (Endowments)**: Rules for charitable, religious, and educational trusts and endowments.	**"Islamic Law of Waqf"** (Select introductory articles or papers) (Free Resource) **"Waqf: An Institutional Perspective"** - Abdul Azeez L. E. & Mansor M. S. **"Waqf in Islamic History and Society"** - Mohammad Imaduddine Abdul Ghafur **"Fiqh on Charitable Endowments (Awqaf)"** - Specific Fiqh manuals (e.g., from the Hanafi/Shafi'i schools)	**"Waqf ka Fiqhi aur Qanooni Pehlu" (وقف کا فقہی اور قانونی پہلو)** - Detailed Legal/Fiqhi analysis **"Islami Ma'ashi Nizam mein Waqf ka Kirdar"** - (Role of Waqf in the Islamic Economy) **"Waqf aur Taraqqi e Talim"** - (Waqf and Educational Development)
4. Military & Foreign Affairs (فوج اور امور خارجہ)
16	**Usul al-Jihad**: Legal conditions for initiating, conducting, and concluding war (جہاد).	**"Kitab al-Siyar al-Saghir"** - Ash-Shaybani (select excerpts) (Free Resource) **"The Fiqh of Jihad"** - Yusuf Al-Qaradawi (Modern overview) **"The Islamic Law of War"** - Academic review of classical Fiqh al-Siyar **"War and Peace in the Law of Islam"** - Majid Khadduri (Classic academic text)	**"Al-Jihad fil Islam" (الجہاد فی الاسلام)** - Syed Abul Ala Maududi (Comprehensive legal and historical view) **"Usul al-Jihad"** - (Translation/commentary of classical Siyar texts) **"Islam aur Jang"** - Allama Iqbal (Philosophical view on conflict)
17	**Aman (Security & Peace)**: Rules for truces, treaties, and granting safety (امان) to foreign individuals.	**"The Islamic Law of Nations"** (Introductory texts on Aman and Hudna) (Free Resource) **"International Relations in Islam"** - Academic analysis of treaty laws **"The Islamic Law of Treaties"** - Contemporary legal scholarship **"Principles of Peace in the Quran"** - Mustansir Mir	**"Mu'ahiday aur Aman ka Nizam" (معاہدے اور امان کا نظام)** - (System of treaties and security in Islamic law) **"Dar ul Islam aur Dar ul Harb"** - (Classical concept of territories) **"Islami Riyasat aur Bain ul Aqwami Ta'alluqat"** - (Islamic State and International Relations)
18	**Army & Defense Structure**: Organization, funding, provisioning, and ethical conduct of the military force.	**"Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah"** - Al-Mawardi (Chapter 4 & 5) (Free Resource) **"The Armies of the Caliphs"** - Hugh Kennedy (Detailed historical study) **"The Art of War in Ancient Islam"** - Texts on military tactics and ethics **"Kitab al-Jihad"** - (Specific Fiqh manuals on military ethics)	**"Islami Afwaj ki Tarikh" (اسلامی افواج کی تاریخ)** - (History of Islamic Armies) **"Fouji Tanzeem aur Akhlaq"** - (Military Organization and Ethics) **"Tazkira-e-Nizam-e-Fauj"** - (Commentary on the military system)

#	Topic & Core Knowledge	English Books (Top Knowledge)	Urdu Books (Top Knowledge)
19	Intelligence & Counter-Espionage: Historical precedents and protecting state secrets.	"Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk" - Al-Tabari (Historical accounts of espionage) (Free Resource) **"The Role of Intelligence in the Islamic State"** - Academic papers on **Jasusiyyah** (espionage) **"Secrets of the Caliphate: The Hidden War"** - Historical analysis of Abbasid and Ottoman intelligence. **"On War" (Book 7 on Intelligence)** - Carl von Clausewitz (Comparative Study)	"Islami Riyasat mein Khufia Idare" (اسلامی ریاست میں خفیہ ادارے) - (Role of intelligence in the Islamic State) "Tarikh-e-Jasusiyat" - (History of Espionage) **"Jasusiyyat ka Fiqhi Pehlu"** - (Legal perspective on spying)
20	Ahd (Covenants & Alliances): Legal rules on state contracts, alliances, and obligations.	**The Quran** (Verses related to fulfilling covenants) (Free Resource) **"The Islamic Law of Nations"** - Hamidullah (Sections on treaties and obligations) **"Pacta Sunt Servanda in Islamic Law"** - Contemporary legal analysis **"Siyar al-Awza'i" (Chapter on Treaties)** - Al-Awza'i (Classical Hanafi/Shafi'i perspective)	**"Islami Riyasat aur Bayn-ul-Aqwami Qanoon"** - Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah (Urdu Translation) **"Ahad o Paiman ki Pabandi" (عہد و پیمان کی پابندی)** - (Fulfilling contracts and promises) **"Islami Riyasat aur Doosri Qaumain"** - (The Islamic State and other nations)
5. Administration & Bureaucracy (نظامِ انتظامیہ)
21	Wilayah (Provinces/Governors): Selection, duties, and accountability of regional rulers (والی).	**"Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah"** - Al-Mawardi (Chapter 3) (Free Resource) **"The Islamic Administration"** - S. A. Q. Husaini (Historical study) **"Caliphate and Kingship in Medieval Persia"** - Academic works on delegated authority. **"The Muslim Prince"** - Historical Mirror for Princes literature (e.g., from Nizam al-Mulk)	**"Islami Hukumat ka Nizam"** - Dr. Israr Ahmed (Focus on Provincial Setup) **"Wali aur Uski Zimmedarian" (والی اور اس کی ذمہ داریاں)** - (The Governor and his responsibilities) **"Ain ul Mulk Multani: Administration"** - Historical analysis of regional governance
22	Diwans (State Offices): Function and organization of the Chancery (دیوان), Tax Office, etc.	**"Administrative Systems in Islam"** (Relevant historical works) (Free Resource) **"The Great Diwan"** - Academic papers on the Abbasid and Umayyad bureaucracy. **"The History of the Caliphs"** - Al-Suyuti (Sections on administrative reforms) **"Governmental Structure in the Mamluk Sultanate"** - Comprehensive historical studies	**"Diwan-e-Khilafat ki Tarikh" (دیوانِ خلافت کی تاریخ)** - (History of the Caliphate's Offices) **"Islami Nizam-e-Intizami" (اسلامی نظامِ انتظامی)** - Dr. Ghulam Dastagir (Detailed administrative system) **"Tareekh-e-Islam" (Vol. on Abbasids)** - Akbar Shah Najeebabadi (Sections on Diwans)
23	Hisbah (Market Supervision): Roles of the Muhtasib (محاسب) in ensuring public morals and fair trade.	**"The Book of the Inspector (Kitab al-Hisbah)"** - Ibn Taymiyyah (Free Resource) **"Islamic Public Interest (Maslaha) and the Muhtasib"** - Academic studies **"The Hisbah and the Control of Markets"** - Classical and modern legal analysis **"The Manuals of Al-Hisbah"** - Works by Al-Shaizarī or Ibn 'Abdūn (Practical guidance)	**"Hisbah ka Fiqhi aur Ma'ashi Nizam"** - (Legal and economic system of Hisbah) **"Muhtasib ke Faraiz" (محتسب کے فرائض)** - (Duties of the Market Inspector) **"Islami Riyasat aur Ahkam-e-Hisbah"** - (Islamic State and Hisbah rulings)
24	**Police & Security (شُرطہ)**: Organization of law enforcement, criminal investigation, and public safety.	**"Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah"** - Al-Mawardi (Focus on **Shurtah** function) (Free Resource) **"The Police (Shurta) in Early Islam"** - Historical academic studies **"Islamic Criminal Justice System"** - M. Cherif Bassiouni **"The Muslim Prince" (Chapters on Policing)** - Literature for rulers on maintaining order.	**"Nizam-e-Amn o Amaan" (نظامِ امن و امان)** - (System of Peace and Security) **"Shurtah ka Kirdar"** - (Role of the Police in Islamic History) **"Islami Qanoon e Faujdari"** - (Islamic Criminal Law and its implementation)
25	**Wazir & Katib**: Selection, powers, legal limits, and accountability of Ministers (وزیر) and Secretaries.	**"Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah"** - Al-Mawardi (Chapter 2) (Free Resource) **"The Wazirate in the Abbasid Caliphate"** - Academic historical monographs **"The History of the Vizierate"** - A study of delegated executive authority. **"Advice for Kings (Qabus Nama)"** - Kai Ka'us ibn Iskandar (Guidance for appointed officials)	**"Nizam e Wizarat o Kitabat" (نظام وزارت و کتابت)** - (System of Ministry and Secretariat) **"Wazir aur Uski Zimmadariyaan"** - (The Minister and his Responsibilities) **"Khilafat e Abbasia ka Wizarati Nizam"** - (Wazirate System of the Abbasid Caliphate)
6. Social & Economic Policy (معاشرتی و سماجی پالیسی)
26	**Ibn Khaldun's Asabiyyah (عصبية)**: Theory of Group Solidarity, state cycles, rise and fall of empires.	**"Al-Muqaddimah"** - Ibn Khaldun (Relevant chapters on **Asabiyyah**) (Free Resource) **"Ibn Khaldun's Political and Social Theory"** - Academic commentaries on the Muqaddimah **"Sociology of the State"** - Contemporary applications of Khaldunian thought. **"The Theory of Development in Arab Political Science"** - Academic studies	**"Ibn Khaldun ki Nazariya-e-Umran" (ابن خلدون کا نظریہ عمران)** - (Ibn Khaldun's Theory of Civilization) **"Muqaddimah ka Khulasa"** - (Summary and commentary of the Muqaddimah in Urdu) **"Asabiyyah aur Tabaqati Jung"** - (Asabiyyah and Class Struggle)
27	**Umran (Urbanization & Infrastructure)**: Principles of city planning, public works, and civil engineering.	**"Al-Muqaddimah"** - Ibn Khaldun (Relevant chapters on **Umran**) (Free Resource) **"Islamic Urbanism and Architecture"** - Historical and architectural studies **"City in the Islamic World"** - Historical studies of cities like Baghdad and Cordoba. **"Islamic Water Law and Resource Management"** - Academic papers on **Hima** (protected areas) and canals.	**"Islami Shahron ki Tarikh o Tamir" (اسلامی شہروں کی تاریخ و تعمیر)** - (History and Construction of Islamic Cities) **"Umraniyat e Islami"** - (Islamic Sociology/Civilization) **"Islami Riyasat aur Zaruri Infrastructure"** - (Islamic State and essential infrastructure)
28	**Trade & Commerce Law**: Laws of sale, contracts, currency (دینار/درہم), and ethical business.	**"Fiqh al-Mu'amalat"** (Select introductory texts on transactions) (Free Resource) **"Islamic Commercial Law"** - Contemporary Fiqh books (e.g., from the Hanafi school) **"Money and Exchange in Medieval Islam"** - Historical studies of currency and trade routes. **"The Ethical Economy of Islam"** - Monzer Kahf	**"Fiqh ul Buyu' (فقہ البیوع)** - Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani (Detailed Fiqh on Sales) **"Islami Banking aur Tijarat"** - (Islamic Banking and Trade) **"Dinar aur Dirham ka Nizam"** - (The system of Dinar and Dirham)
29	**Dhimmi Rights (ذمی)**: Legal rights, protections, and obligations of religious minorities.	**"The Covenant of Umar"** (Historical text and commentary) (Free Resource) **"The Rights of Non-Muslims in the Islamic State"** - Yusuf Al-Qaradawi **"Ahl al-Dhimmah: The Legal Status"** - Academic studies on minority law in classical Fiqh. **"The People of the Book"** - Historical analysis of inter-faith relations under Islam.	**"Ghair Muslimon ke Huqooq" (غیر مسلموں کے حقوق)** - (Rights of Non-Muslims in Islam) **"Dhimmiyat ka Tasawwur"** - (The Concept of Dhimmi Status) **"Siyasi Islami Fiqh" (Sections on Minorities)** - (Political Islamic Jurisprudence)
30	**Education & Science Policy**: Patronage of learning (بیت الحکمہ), public libraries, and the Madrasah system.	**"Historical accounts of the Abbasid Golden Age"** (Relevant chapters) (Free Resource) **"The House of Wisdom"** - Jim Al-Khalili (Historical overview) **"Science and Islam"** - Studies on patronage and institutionalization of knowledge. **"Madrasah Education in Islamic History"** - Academic works on the curriculum and state role.	**"Islami Nizam e Talim" (اسلامی نظام تعلیم)** - Syed Abul Ala Maududi (Islamic Education System) **"Madrasah ka Kirdar"** - (The Role of the Madrasah in Society) **"Islami Riyasat aur Science ki Taraqqi"** - (Islamic State and the development of science)
7. Advanced Jurisprudence & Practice (فقہ و بصیرت)
31	**Ijtihad & Taqlid**: Independent legal reasoning (اجتہاد) versus following precedent (تقلید).	**"The Evolution of Fiqh"** - Dr. Bilal Philips (Select chapters) (Free Resource) **"Authority, Continuity and Change in Islamic Law"** - Academic studies on legal methodologies. **"Revival and Reform in Islam"** - Fazlur Rahman (Analysis of Ijtihad in modern context) **"Legal Postmodernism"** - Wael B. Hallaq (Critical view on Taqlid)	**"Ijtihad aur Taqlid ka Nazriya"** - (Theory of Ijtihad and Taqlid) **"Islami Fiqh mein Tajdeed" (اسلامی فقہ میں تجدید)** - (Renewal in Islamic Jurisprudence) **"Mu'asir Fiqhi Masail"** - (Contemporary Fiqh Issues requiring Ijtihad)
32	**Maslahah Mursalah (مصلحہ مرسلہ)**: Using unstated law to serve the greater public good.	**"The Philosophy of Islamic Law and Orientalists"** - Dr. Wahbah Al-Zuhayli (Focus on **Maslahah**) (Free Resource) **"The Concept of Public Interest in Islamic Law"** - Bernard Weiss **"Treatise on Maslaha"** - Classical treatises (e.g., from Imam Malik or Al-Shatibi) **"The Goals of Sharia (Maqasid al-Shari'ah)"** - Jasser Auda (Modern application of Maslaha)	**"Maslaha Mursalah ka Istimal"** - (The use of Maslaha Mursalah in law) **"Maqasid e Shari'ah aur Islami Riyasat"** - (Objectives of Sharia and the Islamic State) **"Fiqh mein Tashkil e Jadid"** - (Modern Re-formation in Fiqh)
33	**Political Crises Management**: Protocols for succession disputes, civil war, rebellions, and external invasions.	**"Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah"** - Al-Mawardi (Focus on usurpation and deposed Caliphs) (Free Resource) **"Kitab al-Fitnah"** - Classical texts on managing internal discord and civil war. **"The Crisis of the Abbasid Caliphate"** - Historical accounts of political collapse. **"Strategies for Civil Conflict Resolution"** - Academic studies (Comparative politics)	**"Baghawat aur Uski Roktham" (بغاوت اور اس کی روک تھام)** - (Rebellion and its Prevention in Islamic Law) **"Siyasi Bohran aur Islami Riyasat"** - (Political Crisis and the Islamic State) **"Khulafa ki Baraftari ka Nizam"** - (System for deposing Caliphs)
34	**Historical Abbasid Dynasties**: Analysis of key Caliphs (Al-Mansur, Harun al-Rashid, Al-Ma'mun) and their strategies.	**"Tarikh al-Khulafa (History of the Caliphs)"** - Al-Suyuti (Relevant chapters) (Free Resource) **"The Caliphs and their Jewish Subjects"** - Historical monographs (Study of Dhimmi policy) **"The Abbasid Caliphate: A History"** - Hugh Kennedy (Comprehensive institutional history) **"The History of Al-Tabari" (Volumes on Abbasids)** - (Primary historical source)	**"Khilafat e Abbasia ki Tarikh" (خلافت عباسیہ کی تاریخ)** - Akbar Shah Najeebabadi (Detailed narrative) **"Abbasid Khulafa ka Nizam-e-Hukumat"** - (The Governance System of the Abbasid Caliphs) **"Mamun Rasheed ki Siyasat"** - (The Politics of Al-Ma'mun)
35	**Managing the Ulama**: Scholar-ruler collaboration and conflict; ensuring the Ulama (علماء) are utilized rightly.	**"Islamic Law and Governance"** (Academic articles on the ruler-scholar relationship) (Free Resource) **"Scholar, Sufi, Saint"** - Academic studies on the social role of the Ulama. **"A Study of the Conflict between Ulama and the State"** - Historical analysis of the Mihna period. **"The Failure of the Ulama"** - Modern critical works on scholarly independence.	**"Ulama aur Siyasat" (علماء اور سیاست)** - Syed Abul Ala Maududi (Ulama and Politics) **"Hukmaran aur Ulama ka Ta'alluq"** - (The relationship between rulers and scholars) **"Mihna ka Waqia"** - (Analysis of the Mihna incident/scholarly persecution)
36	**Contemporary Geopolitics**: Analysis of the political, economic, and military landscape of global nations.	**Publicly available analyses and academic papers on modern International Relations** (Free Resource) **"The Grand Chessboard"** - Zbigniew Brzezinski (Global Strategy) **"The Next 100 Years"** - George Friedman (Future Forecasting) **"Prisoners of Geography"** - Tim Marshall (Geopolitical Realism)	**"Alam-e-Islam aur Maghribi Tahzeeb"** - Dr. Israr Ahmed (The Islamic World and Western Civilization) **"Jadid Geopolitics"** - (Contemporary Geopolitics in Urdu) **"Bain ul Aqwami Siyasat ka Tajziya"** - (Analysis of International Politics)
37	**Khilafah's Ultimate Purpose**: Establishing **Deen** (religion) and **Dunya** (worldly affairs) on justice.	**"The Objectives of Shari'ah (Maqasid al-Shari'ah)"** - Al-Shatibi (Introductory analysis) (Free Resource) **"Al-Wafaqat fi Usul al-Ahkam"** - Al-Shatibi (Foundational text on Maqasid) **"The Aims of the Shari'ah"** - Academic studies on Maqasid literature. **"The Governance of the Islamic State"** - Comprehensive works summarizing the ultimate goal.	**"Maqasid e Shari'ah" (مقاصد شریعہ)** - Dr. Israr Ahmed (Commentary on the Objectives of Sharia) **"Deen aur Siyasat"** - (Religion and Politics in the ultimate sense) **"Islami Riyasat ka Tasawwur e Maqsad"** - (The Concept of Purpose of the Islamic State)